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🧬 Biological Classification (Kingdom to Species)Cygnus columbianus

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Chordata

Class

Aves

Order

Anseriformes

Family

Anatidae

Genus

Cygnus

Species

Cygnus columbianus

Aves🌿 Herbivore

Tundra Swan

Cygnus columbianus (Tundra Swan · コハクチョウ)

🛡️ Conservation Status (IUCN Red List)LC (Least Concern)

DDData Deficient

LCLeast Concern

NTNear Threatened

VUVulnerable

ENEndangered

CRCritically End.

EWExtinct in Wild

EXExtinct

🇰🇷 Class I endangered wildlife (Korea) · Natural Monument (Korea) «Tundra Swan»

Geological Era

Extant

Diet

Herbivore

Length · Height

1.2~1.5m · No data (Wingspan 1.65m)

Mass · Top Speed

3.6~9.1kg · No data

Habitat & Fossil Locality

Freshwater lakes, ponds, grasslands, and marshes; wetlands near farmlands in winter

💡 Everyday Comparisons for Size, Mass & Speed

💡 Frequently seen in winter at wetlands near farmlands, it also eats leftover grain in harvested fields (ADW, Audubon).
💡 Its body length of 120 cm is similar to the height of a lower-grade elementary school child (Comparison).
💡 Its maximum mass of 9.1 kg is slightly lighter than a 10 kg bag of rice (Comparison).

Reference standards: coach bus ~12 m, mid-size car ~4.9 m, compact car ~1 t, basketball hoop 3.05 m, credit card 8.56 cm.

📊 Mass & Speed Index (0–100)

⚖️ Mass Index (Blue Whale ~190 t = 100, log scale)43

Site-computed relative index from recorded values; not a formal scientific metric.

#고니#Cygnus columbianus

📖 1. Overview

The tundra swan is a swan smaller than the whooper swan that breeds on Arctic tundra and visits the east and south coasts of Korea in winter.

🦴 2. Anatomy & Morphology

Both sexes have a white body, black bill and legs, and a yellow patch near the base of the bill. Young birds have a pale greyish-brown body and a pinkish bill.

🔍 3. Ecology & Behavior

It eats the stems and roots of grasses, sedges, and smartweeds, reaching depths of up to 1 m by submerging its head and neck. It lays 3–7 eggs (averaging 5) per clutch and incubates them for 31–33 days.

🇰🇷 4. Connection to Korea

It is a Class I endangered wildlife (Korea) species and was designated a Natural Monument (Korea) on May 31, 1968 (1968-05-31). Young tundra swans spend the winter mixed in among flocks of whooper swans.