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🧬 Biological Classification (Kingdom to Species)Columba rupestris

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Chordata

Class

Aves

Order

Columbiformes

Family

Columbidae

Genus

Columba

Species

Columba rupestris

Aves🌿 Herbivore

Hill Pigeon

Columba rupestris (Hill Pigeon · コウライバト)

🛡️ Conservation Status (IUCN Red List)LC (Least Concern)

DDData Deficient

LCLeast Concern

NTNear Threatened

VUVulnerable

ENEndangered

CRCritically End.

EWExtinct in Wild

EXExtinct

🇰🇷 Class II endangered wildlife (Korea)

Geological Era

Extant

Diet

Herbivore

Length · Height

33~35cm · No data

Mass · Top Speed

No data · No data

Habitat & Fossil Locality

Coastal rock cliffs, inland rocky mountains, bridge piers, and temple eaves; farmlands and grasslands as feeding grounds

💡 Everyday Comparisons for Size, Mass & Speed

💡 The Encyclopedia of Korean Culture notes a case of a flock settling on the piers of the Bridge of Freedom over the Hantangang River.
💡 At Hwaeomsa Temple in Gurye, it uses spaces and eaves under buildings such as Gakhwangjeon and Daeungjeon halls as roosts (National Institute of Ecology).
💡 Its body length of 33–35 cm is less than one handspan longer than the long side of an A4 sheet of paper (29.7 cm) (Comparison).

Reference standards: coach bus ~12 m, mid-size car ~4.9 m, compact car ~1 t, basketball hoop 3.05 m, credit card 8.56 cm.

#양비둘기#Columba rupestris

📖 1. Overview

The hill pigeon (listed as Nang-bidulgi, Korean name, on the National List of Species of Korea) is a grey pigeon 33–35 cm long distributed across Central Asia, Siberia, China, Mongolia, and Korea. It is known as an ancestor of the rock dove.

🦴 2. Anatomy & Morphology

It is greyish overall with a glossy green neck, a shimmering purplish breast, and a white rump. There is a broad white band across the middle of the tail, and the irises and legs are red.

🔍 3. Ecology & Behavior

It lives in flocks feeding on grass seeds in farmlands and grasslands, breeding mainly from March to October (months 3–10) and sometimes even in winter. It nests on coastal cliffs, rock crevices, bridge piers, and under temple eaves.

🇰🇷 4. Connection to Korea

It is a Class II endangered wildlife (Korea) species (designated in 2017), and its Korean species name was changed from Yang-bidulgi (Korean name) to Nang-bidulgi (Korean name) in 2021. In Korea, it is confirmed at three sites: Gurye, Goheung, and Yeoncheon.