灰狼

📖 1. 概览

犬科动物中体型最大的一种，也是所有家犬的野生祖先。以紧密的家族核心狼群（Pack）社会和长途追击耐力著称。

🌐 Wikipedia 摘要摘录

The wolf, also known as the grey wolf or gray wolf, is a canine native to Eurasia and North America. More than thirty subspecies of Canis lupus have been recognized, including the dog and dingo, though grey wolves, as popularly understood, include only naturally occurring wild subspecies. The wolf is the largest wild extant member of the family Canidae, and is further distinguished from other Canis species by its less pointed ears and muzzle, as well as a shorter torso and a longer tail. The wolf is nonetheless related closely enough to smaller Canis species, such as the coyote and the golden jackal, to produce fertile hybrids with them. The wolf's fur is usually mottled white, brown, grey, and black, although subspecies in the arctic region may be nearly all white.

🦴 2. 身体结构与特征

具备一天奔跑60km以上的心肺耐力，以及能咬碎骨头摄取骨髓的裂齿（臼齿）。

🔍 3. 生态与行为

是通过“营养级联效应（Trophic Cascade）”恢复黄石国家公园生态系统的代表性关键种。

🇰🇷 4. 与韩国的关联

被韩国环境部列为濒危野生生物I级，目前正在开展韩国狼基因保存与恢复研究。